Recent advances in nonmetallic modulation of palladium-based electrocatalysts

Modulating the electrocatalytic performance of Palladium (Pd) with nonmetallic elements (e.g., H, B, C, N, O, P and S) has gained ever-increasing attention since their introduction been proven to effectively modulate 3d-electronic configuration subsurface properties Pd. In this review, most advanced nonmetal-modified Pd-based catalysts are classified according different doped atoms (i.e., hydrides, borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides, phosphides sulfides) critically reviewed emphasize roles doping on various reactions. each section, synthetic strategies developed incorporate nonmetals discussed in detail. Furthermore, optimized approaches nonmetals-doped corresponding enhancement mechanisms were also clearly. Finally, current challenges future perspectives regarding nanocatalysts outlined.